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In re James
406 F.3d 1340 (11th Cir. 2005); Clearinghouse Number: 55933
Description
Earned Income Tax Credit Payments May Be Excluded from a Bankruptcy Estate Under a Personal Property Exemption, Eleventh Circuit Holds
Abstract
The Eleventh Circuit held that earned income tax credit (EITC)
payments were excluded from the bankruptcy estates under the state
personal property exemption. In consolidated appeals, Chapter 7
debtors sought protection under the state personal property
exemptions for their 2002 federal earned income tax credit
payments. Objecting to the exemption, the bankruptcy trustee argued
that an EITC payment did not qualify as “public
assistance” under state law and thus was not exempt personal
property and that a lump-sum EITC payment was not public
assistance. The Eleventh Circuit stated that the EITC was enacted
to reduce the disincentive to work caused by the imposition of
social security taxes on earned income, to stimulate the economy by
funneling funds to persons likely to spend the money immediately,
and to provide relief for low-income families hurt by rising food
and energy prices. Looking at the legislative meaning, the Eleventh
Circuit concluded that, because the EITC was enacted to provide
relief for low-income families, it qualified as public assistance.
The Eleventh Circuit further explained that Alabama had exercised
the opt-out provision under the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. §
522(b), and created its own exemptions for individual debtors.
Section 522(b) provides each state with the power to “opt
out” of the exemptions under federal bankruptcy law and to
create its own exemptions. The Eleventh Circuit concluded that the
plain meaning of the language of the state personal property
exemption law indicated that EITC payments, constituting public
assistance payments to needy persons, were not allowed to pass to
the trustee in the case of bankruptcy.
