Browse cases by category
- Attorneys & Legal Services
- Bankruptcy
- Civil Procedure & Administrative Law
- Civil Rights
- Consumer
- Criminal
- Disability
- Economic Development
- Education
- Elections
- Employment
- Environmental Justice
- Evidence
- Family Law
- Food Programs
- Government and Governmental Services
- Guardianship & Conservatorship
- Health
- Housing
- Immigration
- Juveniles
- License (Auto & Others)
- Mental Health
- Migrants
- Native Americans
- Other
- Prisons
- Public Utilities & Energy
- Rural Issues
- Senior Citizens
- Social Security & SSI
- Taxation
- Torts
- Unemployment Compensation & Unemployment Insurance
- Veterans & Military
- Welfare
- Wills & Estates
- Workforce Development
Nelson v. Apfel
No. 96-2242 (7th Cir. Dec. 15, 1997) ; Clearinghouse Number: 52216
Description
Denial of Child’s Disability Claim Supported by Substantial Evidence Despite ALJ’s Failure to Ask Specific Questions of Claimant or His Mother
Abstract
The Seventh Circuit has affirmed the Social Security Administration
(SSA)’s decision to deny supplemental security income (SSI)
disability benefits to plaintiff-appellant, an eight-year-old child
with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Plaintiff’s
application for SSI was denied initially and on reconsideration. On
administrative appeal, plaintiff was represented by his mother, who
waived his right to an attorney. The administrative law judge (ALJ)
took testimony from three witnesses: plaintiff, his mother, and an
expert retained by SSA. During the course of the hearing, the ALJ
failed to ask plaintiff or his mother specific questions regarding
his impairment but merely inquired whether she had anything to add
to the written record regarding plaintiff’s disability. The
ALJ held that, although plaintiff had a severe impairment that
limits his ability to perform age-appropriate activities, his
conditions were not severe enough to qualify for benefits.
Plaintiff subsequently obtained counsel and appealed. On appeal,
plaintiff argued that the ALJ had failed to develop the record
fully and fairly, had improperly considered evidence outside the
record, and had ignored evidence favorable to plaintiff. Rejecting
plaintiff’s arguments, the district court held that there was
sufficient evidence in the record on all of the relevant issues.
Affirming, the court of appeals held that, although the ALJ had
conducted a "marginal hearing" and had abdicated his
responsibility by failing to ask plaintiff’s mother specific,
directed questions, the relevant evidence about plaintiff’s
condition had been developed in the record. The court also held
that, although it was improper for the ALJ to consider evidence
outside the record in determining the extent of plaintiff’s
disability (the ALJ had considered plaintiff’s behavior at
his sister’s, as well as at his own, hearing), it was
harmless error. Finding that the ALJ had based his decision on
plaintiff’s medical records, the notes of plaintiff’s
therapist, the reports of plaintiff’s teachers, and the
medical expert’s testimony, the court held that the
ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence.
